Principles

Principles of Prevention for Drug Use

These principles are planned to aid parents, teachers, and also community leaders consider, prepare for, and deliver research-based drug abuse prevention programs at the community level. The references following each concept are representative of present study.

Danger Aspects and also Safety Factors


CONCEPT 1 – Prevention programs should enhance safety factors and also reverse or reduce risk elements.14.

  • The danger of ending up being a drug abuser involves the partnership among the number and also sort of threat variables (e.g., deviant attitudes and also actions) and also protective aspects (e.g., adult assistance).32.
  • The potential impact of details danger and protective elements adjustments with age. As an example, risk aspects within the household have higher impact on a more youthful youngster, while organization with drug-abusing peers might be an extra significant danger element for an adolescent.11, 9.
  • Early treatment with risk variables (e.g., aggressive habits as well as poor self-discipline) often has a higher influence than later treatment by transforming a youngster’s life course (trajectory) away from troubles and also toward favorable behaviors.15.
  • While danger as well as safety aspects can impact people of all teams, these elements can have a various impact depending on a person’s age, gender, ethnicity, culture, as well as setting.5, 20.

CONCEPT 2 – Prevention programs ought to address all types of drug abuse, alone or in mix, consisting of the minor use of legal drugs (e.g., tobacco or alcohol); using illegal drugs (e.g., cannabis or heroin); and the unsuitable use legitimately acquired materials (e.g., inhalants), prescription medicines, or non-prescription medicines.16.

CONCEPT 3 – Prevention programs must attend to the sort of substance abuse problem in the local area, target modifiable danger variables, as well as strengthen determined safety elements.14.

CONCEPT 4 – Avoidance programs ought to be customized to deal with threats certain to populace or audience qualities, such as age, gender, as well as ethnic background, to improve program effectiveness.21.

Avoidance Preparation.


Family members Programs.


CONCEPT 5 – Family-based avoidance programs must boost family bonding and connections as well as consist of parenting skills; method in creating, going over, and also implementing family policies on chemical abuse; as well as training in drug education and learning and info.2.

Family bonding is the bedrock of the connection between parents and kids. Bonding can be enhanced through abilities educating on parent supportiveness of youngsters, parent-child interaction, and also adult participation.17.

  • Parental monitoring and also guidance are vital for drug abuse prevention. These skills can be boosted with training on rule-setting; methods for monitoring activities; appreciation for suitable actions; and also modest, regular technique that applies defined family members rules.18.
  • Medicine education and learning and details for parents or caretakers reinforces what kids are learning about the unsafe results of medicines and opens up chances for family members conversations concerning the misuse of lawful and also illegal compounds.4.
  • Short, family-focused treatments for the basic population can favorably alter specific parenting actions that can reduce later on threats of substance abuse.27.


School Programs.


CONCEPT 6 – Prevention programs can be designed to step in as early as preschool to resolve danger aspects for drug abuse, such as hostile behavior, bad social abilities, and scholastic difficulties.30, 31.

CONCEPT 7 – Avoidance programs for grade school kids must target enhancing academic and also social-emotional learning to address threat factors for substance abuse, such as very early aggression, academic failure, as well as college dropout. Education and learning should concentrate on the complying with skills:8, 15.

  • self-discipline;.
  • psychological understanding;.
  • communication;.
  • social analytic; as well as.
  • academic support, especially in reading.;.

CONCEPT 8 – Prevention programs for center or junior high and also secondary school pupils must boost scholastic and social competence with the adhering to abilities:6, 25.

  • research study behaviors and academic support;.
  • communication;.
  • peer relationships;.
  • self-efficacy and assertiveness;.
  • medicine resistance abilities;.
  • reinforcement of anti-drug perspectives; and also.
  • strengthening of personal commitments versus drug abuse.
  • Neighborhood Programs.

CONCEPT 9 – Avoidance programs aimed at basic populations at key shift points, such as the transition to intermediate school, can create beneficial effects even amongst risky households and also youngsters. Such treatments do not single out risk populaces and also, as a result, lower labeling and also promote bonding to school as well as area.6, 10.

CONCEPT 10 – Neighborhood avoidance programs that incorporate two or even more efficient programs, such as family-based and school-based programs, can be much more reliable than a single program alone.3.

CONCEPT 11 – Area avoidance programs reaching populaces in multiple setups– for example, colleges, clubs, faith-based companies, and the media– are most effective when they provide regular, community-wide messages in each setting.7.

Avoidance Program Delivery.


CONCEPT 12 – When communities adjust programs to match their demands, community norms, or varying cultural needs, they should retain core components of the initial research-based intervention27 that include:.

  • Structure (just how the program is arranged and constructed);.
  • Content (the info, abilities, and methods of the program); and also.
  • Delivery (exactly how the program is adjusted, applied, and evaluated).

CONCEPT 13 – Avoidance programs must be lasting with duplicated interventions (i.e., booster programs) to enhance the original prevention objectives. Study reveals that the gain from intermediate school prevention programs decrease without follow-up programs in senior high school.25.

CONCEPT 14 – Avoidance programs ought to include teacher training on good classroom management techniques, such as satisfying ideal student behavior. Such methods aid to cultivate pupils’ favorable actions, success, academic inspiration, as well as school bonding.15.

CONCEPT 15 – Prevention programs are most effective when they use interactive strategies, such as peer discussion groups and parent role-playing, that allow for active involvement in finding out about drug abuse and also strengthening skills.6.

CONCEPT 16 – Research-based prevention programs can be affordable. Similar to earlier research, recent research study reveals that for each and every dollar invested in prevention, a cost savings of approximately $10 in therapy for alcohol or other chemical abuse can be seen.